TLS Handshake Explained Step-by-Step
Every time you visit a secure website (like https://example.com ), your browser and the web server quietly perform a TLS handshake — a behind-the-scenes conversation that ensures your connection is private, secure, and authentic. TLS (Transport Layer Security) is the cryptographic protocol that powers HTTPS , email encryption , and VPN connections . Let’s break down exactly what happens during a TLS handshake, step-by-step. What Is a TLS Handshake? A TLS handshake is the process by which a client (like your browser) and a server: Agree on encryption methods Authenticate each other Exchange secret keys to start secure communication This all happens in just a few milliseconds, before any actual data (like a login form or webpage content) is exchanged. Why It Matters Without the TLS handshake, encrypted communication over the internet wouldn’t be possible. It protects against: Eavesdropping Tampering Impersonation Now, let’s walk through the steps. ...